How does temperature affect the flow of water in pipes?

Higher temperatures decrease water viscosity, which allows water to flow more freely through pipes. Viscosity refers to the thickness or stickiness of a fluid; as temperature rises, the molecules in the water become more energetic, which results in a decrease in the resistance to flow. This means that as water heats up, it can travel through pipes with less friction and obstruction, thereby increasing the flow rates.

In contrast, lower temperatures increase the viscosity of water, making it thicker and more resistant to flow. This higher viscosity can slow down the movement of water within the pipes. The influence of temperature on viscosity is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that highlights the relationship between physical state and flow characteristics. Therefore, higher water temperatures promote better flow through plumbing systems, which is critical for efficient plumbing design and operation.