What purpose does a venting system serve in plumbing?

A venting system in plumbing primarily serves to allow air to enter the drainage system, which helps to prevent the formation of vacuums or negative pressure that can disrupt the flow of wastewater. When fixtures discharge wastewater, the volume reduction creates a negative pressure that can impede the proper drainage of the system. The venting system equalizes pressure, enabling smooth drainage and preventing siphoning of traps, which could lead to sewer gases entering the living space.

By maintaining proper air balance, the venting system ensures that water can flow freely through the pipes and that drainage systems function effectively without blockages or backups. This crucial aspect of plumbing design contributes to the overall safety and functionality of the plumbing system in any building.